Net to gross, gross to net — at any VAT rate, instantly.
Value Added Tax is charged as a percentage of the net (tax-exclusive) price. The seller collects it and remits it; registered businesses reclaim the VAT they pay on inputs, so the tax ultimately lands on the final consumer. Two directions of arithmetic cover almost every situation:
The UK standard rate is 20% (reduced 5%, zero 0%). EU standard rates range from 17% (Luxembourg) to 27% (Hungary), with Germany at 19% and France at 20%. The UAE and Saudi Arabia charge 5% and 15% respectively. South Africa charges 15%. Many countries operate reduced rates for food, books, transport and energy — always check which rate your supply falls under, because applying the standard rate to a reduced-rate supply is a real (and common) overcharge.
At 20%, the VAT inside a gross price is the gross divided by 6. At 5%, divide the gross by 21. These fall straight out of the remove-VAT formula and are handy for receipt-checking; the calculator above does the precise version at any rate.
A VAT invoice must show the net amount, the rate, the VAT amount and the gross, along with your VAT registration number. The invoice generator handles this — set the tax name to “VAT”, your rate, and add your registration number as the tax ID; the totals block renders net, VAT and gross exactly as computed here.
Divide by (1 + rate/100). £120 at 20% → £100 net, £20 VAT. Never multiply the gross by the rate — that overstates the tax.
The standard rate is 20%, with a 5% reduced rate (e.g. domestic energy) and 0% zero rate (most food, books, children’s clothes).
Your VAT number, the net amount, the rate applied, the VAT amount and the gross total — per line or per rate. Our invoice generator includes all of these fields.
No — it runs entirely in your browser and works offline. Nothing you type is sent anywhere.